
Friday, March 26, 2010
Funny Language Development
By Ho Khee Hoong
Physical Development – What to Expect in Months 9-12
That being said:
- Babies of this age will have grown about 10 inches in length since birth.
- Typical head growth is about 0.25 to 0.5 inches per month.
- Babies’ weight gain will slow down at this age. Many babies will triple their birth weight around their first birthday.
- Moving from the stomach to a seated position
- Pulling up
- Creeping or crawling
- Cruising furniture
- Standing up unassisted
- Walking
Her fine motor abilities are also increasing her ability to entertain herself. With a little effort, she might work to reach and pick up an object. For objects completely out of reach, she should be able to let you know what she wants by pointing or gesturing.
Her sensory skills - sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch, are a pairing of both physical and cognitive development. The senses that were in place before her birth have each refined and improved over the past months.
Her well-developed sense of smell is often used in conjunction with her sense of taste. She may show strong preferences for certain flavors and odors. Research shows that infants exposed to a full range of foods and flavors at this age are shown to have lower rates of obesity and accept diverse flavors later in life.
Her sense of touch, one of the most highly developed of her senses since birth, continues to progress. She can sense pain and discomfort, changes in temperature, and assert preferences for textures.
From the physical standpoint of sensory development, she should be able to hear their name and react to simple requests. She should enjoy the sound of her own babbling voice and perk up at the sound of other's voices. Toward the end of this age range, she should begin to repeat sounds and words that she hears.
Her sight, which was the weakest of senses at birth, is now nearly as strong as an adult's in the areas of clarity and depth perception. While she prefers to look at objects nearby, she can see objects across the room. As far as color, the color she now sports is apt to stay the same with only subtle changes.
Physical Development During Baby's First Year
Newborn Physical Development from 0 to 3 Months
Those first three months of your baby's life will likely seem like a whirlwind. When you pause to look at how far your baby's physical development has come in that time, you'll likely notice these developmental markers:- Roughly a 30% increase in body weight and a 20% increase in length.
- Though she cannot reach out and intentionally grasp a toy, she will become aware of her hands.
- Ability to recognize her primary caregiver's scent.
- Though she doesn't have any depth perception to judge how near or far objects are, she can see objects 8 to 15 inches away with clarity.
- Keen responses to touches and textures which she finds soothing.
Always remember to be cautious when comparing your baby's physical development to other children at any age. There is a wide range of "normal."
Physical Development from 3 to 6 Months
- Doubling her birthweight.
- Supporting her weight on both arms as she lifts her chest and head from the floor.
- Rolling over back to front.
- Sitting up with support and possibly unsupported.
- Passing toys from one hand to the other and banging them together.
- Following objects with her eyes and judging accurately how near and far away they are.
- Turning her head in the direction of noise.
- Enjoying the sound of her own babbling voice.
Physical Development from 6 to 9 Months
As she or he grows during months 6 through 9, you'll noticed marked gains in her mobility, hearing, and eyesight. Be looking for these benchmarks:- Reaching for toys in front of her while sitting up completely unsupported.
- Rolling over back to front and front to back.
- Crawling.
- Advancing dexterity in manipulating objects with her hands.
- Exhibiting taste preferences.
- Seeing about as clearly as an adult.
- Recognizing simple words and phrases.
Physical Development from 9 to 12 Months
The final three months of your baby's first year will provide many exciting photo opportunities. As she or he advances through these months you can expect her or his to:- Triple her or his birthweight and grow in length by about 10 inches.
- Stand up unassisted.
- Cruise furniture and perhaps walk.
- Hear and see as well as an adult.
How to Stop a Crying Baby: Parenting Tips : Infant Massage to Stop a Crying Baby
posted by Fang Jui, T3
Thursday, March 25, 2010
Victims of Domestic Violence
Who Is the Victim?
Victims of domestic violence do not possess a set of universal characteristics or personality traits, but they do share the common experience of being abused by someone close to them. Anyone can become a victim of domestic violence. Victims of domestic violence can be women, men, adolescents, disabled persons, gays, or lesbians. They can be of any age and work in any profession. Normally, victims of domestic violence are not easily recognized because they are not usually covered in marks or bruises. If there are injuries, victims have often learned to conceal them to avoid detection, suspicion, and shame.
Unfortunately, an array of misconceptions about victims of domestic violence has led to harmful stereotypes and myths about who they are and the realities of their abuse. Consequently, victims of domestic violence often feel stigmatized and misunderstood by the people in their lives. These people may be well-intended family members and friends or persons trained to help them, such as social workers, police officers, or doctors. Exhibit 3-3 presents common myths about victims of domestic violence.
Case Example
Myth One: Only poor, uneducated women are victims of domestic violence.
Victims of abuse can be found in all social and economic classes and can be of either sex. They can be wealthy, educated, and prominent as well as undereducated and financially destitute. Victims of domestic violence live in rural towns, urban cities, subsidized housing projects, and in gated communities. The overrepresentation of underprivileged women in domestic violence crime reports may be due to several factors, including the fact that those seeking public assistance or services are subject to data tracking trends that often capture this information. Victims of domestic violence who have higher incomes are more likely to seek help from private therapists or service providers who can protect their identity through confidentiality agreements.
Myth Two: Victims provoke and deserve the violence they experience.
An abusive tactic used by perpetrators is to accuse their partners of "making" them violent. This accusation is even more effective when the perpetrator and other people tell the victim that he or she deserved the abuse. As a result, many victims remain in the abusive relationship because they believe that the violence is their fault. Many victims make repeated attempts to change their behavior in order to avoid the next assault. Unfortunately, no one, including the victim, can change the behavior except for the perpetrator. The perpetrator is accountable for the behavior and responsible for ending the violence.
Myth Three: Victims of domestic violence move from one abusive relationship to another.
Although approximately one-third of victims of domestic violence experience more than one abusive relationship, most victims do not seek or have multiple abusive partners. Victims of domestic violence who have a childhood history of physical or sexual victimization may be at greater risk of being harmed by multiple partners.
Myth Four: Victims of domestic violence suffer from low self-esteem and psychological disorders.
Some people believe that victims of domestic violence are mentally ill or suffer from low self-esteem. Otherwise, it is thought, they would not endure the abuse. In fact, a majority of victims does not have mental disorders, but may suffer from the psychological effects of domestic violence, such as posttraumatic stress disorder or depression. Furthermore, there is little evidence that low self-esteem is a factor for initially becoming involved in an abusive relationship. In reality, some victims of domestic violence experience a decrease in self-esteem because their abusers are constantly degrading, humiliating, and criticizing them, which also makes them more vulnerable to staying in the relationship.
Myth Five: Victims of domestic violence are weak and always want help.
Some victims of domestic violence are passive while others are assertive. Some victims actively seek help, while others may refuse assistance. Again, victims are a diverse group of individuals who possess unique qualities and different life situations. Victims of domestic violence may not always want help and their reasons vary. They may not be prepared to leave the relationship, they may be scared their partners will harm them, or they may not trust people if past efforts to seek help have failed.
Barriers to Leaving an Abusive Relationship
The most commonly asked question about victims of domestic violence is "Why do they stay?" Family, friends, coworkers, and community professionals who try to understand the reasons why a victim of domestic violence has not left the abusive partner often feel perplexed and frustrated. Some victims of domestic violence do leave their violent partners while others may leave and return at different points throughout the abusive relationship. Leaving a violent relationship is a process, not an event, for many victims, who cannot simply "pick up and go" because they have many factors to consider. To understand the complex nature of terminating a violent relationship, it is essential to look at the barriers and risks faced by victims when they consider or attempt to leave. Individual, systemic, and societal barriers faced by victims of domestic violence include:
Fear. Perpetrators commonly make threats to find victims, inflict harm, or kill them if they end the relationship. This fear becomes a reality for many victims who are stalked by their partner after leaving. It also is common for abusers to seek or threaten to seek sole custody, make child abuse allegations, or kidnap the children. Historically, there has been a lack of protection and assistance from law enforcement, the judicial system, and social service agencies charged with responding to domestic violence. Inadequacies in the system and the failure of past efforts by victims of domestic violence seeking help have led many to believe that they will not be protected from the abuser and are safer at home. While much remains to be done, there is a growing trend of increased legal protection and community support for these victims.
Credits to Soon Heng Leng
Marathon
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pt17 (LAST PART)
wahaha.. finally copied all 17 parts~
alright im off to continue my CMT assignment now.. buhbye~~
early life and child development..part 1
Credits to Chea Yee Mun
This Series not only looks at the different stages in childrens' development, but also at recent findings and the importance of education programmes tailored to the individual requirements of different societies.
Kibera Kids (part 1 AND part 2) The adults of Kibera in Nairobi, Kenya are working hard to offer kids a safe and stimulating haven in preschools. But for parents and teachers of children like Nasuru, Brian and Patience, preschool also brings dilemmas. Early Life investigates the adaptation to threats by developing violent trends and the value of preschooling to develop social & creative skills instead.
Thank you!
cheer^^